As 6G wireless networks seek to enable robust and dynamic programmable wireless environments (PWEs), reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a cornerstone for controlling electromagnetic wave propagation. However, realizing the potential of RISs for demanding PWE applications depends on precise and real-time user localization, especially in scenarios with random receiver orientations and inherent hardware imperfections. To address this challenge, we propose a novel optical localization framework that integrates conventional ceiling-mounted LEDs with light-emitting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (LeRISs). By leveraging the spatial diversity offered by the LeRIS architecture, the framework introduces robust signal paths that improve localization accuracy and reduce errors under varying orientations. To this end, we derive a system of equations for received signal strength-based localization that accounts for random receiver orientations and imposes spatial constraints on LED placement, ensuring unique and reliable solutions. Finally, our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves precise beam control and high spectral efficiency even for RISs with large number of reflecting elements, establishing our solution as scalable and adaptive for PWEs that require real-time accuracy and flexibility.

翻译：随着6G无线网络致力于实现稳健且动态的可编程无线环境（PWEs），可重构智能表面（RISs）已成为控制电磁波传播的基石。然而，要在要求苛刻的PWE应用中充分发挥RIS的潜力，依赖于精确且实时的用户定位，尤其是在接收器方向随机且存在固有硬件缺陷的场景中。为应对这一挑战，我们提出了一种新颖的光学定位框架，该框架将传统的天花板安装LED与发光可重构智能表面（LeRISs）相结合。通过利用LeRIS架构提供的空间分集，该框架引入了稳健的信号路径，从而提高了定位精度，并在不同方向下减少了误差。为此，我们推导了一个基于接收信号强度的定位方程组，该方程组考虑了接收器的随机方向，并对LED的放置施加了空间约束，从而确保了解的唯一性和可靠性。最后，我们的仿真结果表明，即使对于具有大量反射单元的RIS，所提出的框架也能实现精确的波束控制和高频谱效率，这确立了我们的解决方案对于需要实时精度和灵活性的PWE具有可扩展性和适应性。