The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various domains, offering significant benefits through enhanced interconnectivity and data exchange. However, the security challenges associated with IoT networks have become increasingly prominent owing to their inherent vulnerability. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the network layer in IoT architectures, highlighting the potential risks posed by routing attacks, such as blackholes, wormholes, sinkholes, Sybil, and selective forwarding attacks. This study explores the unique challenges posed by the constrained resources, heterogeneity, and dynamic topology of IoT networks, which complicate the implementation of robust security measures. Various countermeasures, including trust-based mechanisms, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), and routing protocols, are evaluated for their effectiveness in mitigating these threats. This study also emphasizes the importance of considering misbehavior observation, trust management, and lightweight defense strategies in the design of secure IoT networks. These findings contribute to the development of comprehensive defense mechanisms tailored to the specific challenges of IoT environments.

翻译：物联网的快速扩展通过增强互连性和数据交换为各领域带来了革命性变革，提供了显著效益。然而，由于其固有的脆弱性，物联网网络相关的安全挑战日益凸显。本文深入分析了物联网架构中的网络层，重点阐述了由黑洞、虫洞、沉洞、Sybil及选择性转发等路由攻击所带来的潜在风险。本研究探讨了物联网网络因资源受限、异构性及动态拓扑所带来的独特挑战，这些因素使得实施强健安全措施变得复杂。本文评估了包括基于信任的机制、入侵检测系统及路由协议在内的多种对策在缓解这些威胁方面的有效性。本研究还强调了在设计安全的物联网网络时，考虑异常行为观测、信任管理和轻量级防御策略的重要性。这些发现有助于开发针对物联网环境特定挑战的全面防御机制。