Zero-knowledge proof generation imposes stringent timing and reliability constraints on blockchain systems. For ZK-rollups, delayed proofs cause finality lag and economic loss; for Ethereum's emerging L1 zkEVM, proofs must complete within the 12-second slot window to enable stateless validation. The Ethereum Foundation's Ethproofs initiative coordinates multiple independent zkVMs across proving clusters to achieve real-time block proving, yet no principled orchestration framework addresses the joint challenges of (i) strict head-of-chain ordering, (ii) sub-slot latency bounds, (iii) fault-tolerant task reassignment, and (iv) prover-agnostic workflow composition. We present push0, a cloud-native proof orchestration system that decouples prover binaries from scheduling infrastructure. push0 employs an event-driven dispatcher--collector architecture over persistent priority queues, enforcing block-sequential proving while exploiting intra-block parallelism. We formalize requirements drawn from production ZK-rollup operations and the Ethereum real-time proving specification, then demonstrate via production Kubernetes cluster experiments that push0 achieves 5 ms median orchestration overhead with 99--100% scaling efficiency at 32 dispatchers for realistic workloads--overhead negligible (less than 0.1%) relative to typical proof computation times of 7+ seconds. Controlled Docker experiments validate these results, showing comparable performance (3--10 ms P50) when network variance is eliminated. Production deployment on the Zircuit zkrollup (14+ million mainnet blocks since March 2025) provides ecological validity for these controlled experiments. Our design enables seamless integration of heterogeneous zkVMs, supports automatic task recovery via message persistence, and provides the scheduling primitives necessary for both centralized rollup operators and decentralized multi-prover networks.

翻译：零知识证明生成对区块链系统施加了严格的时序与可靠性约束。对于ZK-rollup而言，证明延迟将导致最终性滞后与经济损失；对于以太坊新兴的L1 zkEVM，证明必须在12秒时隙窗口内完成以实现无状态验证。以太坊基金会的Ethproofs计划通过协调证明集群中多个独立的zkVM来实现实时区块证明，然而现有编排框架均未系统性地解决以下联合挑战：(i)严格的链头顺序要求，(ii)亚时隙级延迟限制，(iii)容错型任务重分配机制，以及(iv)证明器无关的工作流组合。本文提出push0——一个云原生的证明编排系统，其将证明器二进制程序与调度基础设施解耦。push0采用基于持久化优先级队列的事件驱动型分发器-收集器架构，在确保区块顺序证明的同时充分利用区块内并行性。我们形式化了来自ZK-rollup生产环境与以太坊实时证明规范的需求，并通过生产级Kubernetes集群实验证明：在32个分发器配置下，push0可实现5毫秒中位编排开销与99-100%的扩展效率——相对于典型证明计算时间（7秒以上），该开销可忽略不计（小于0.1%）。受控Docker实验验证了这些结果，在消除网络变异后显示出相当的性能表现（P50为3-10毫秒）。该系统在Zircuit zkrollup的生产部署（自2025年3月起处理超1400万主网区块）为受控实验提供了生态效度验证。我们的设计支持异构zkVM的无缝集成，通过消息持久化实现自动任务恢复，并为集中式rollup运营商与去中心化多证明器网络提供了必要的调度原语。