We experimentally demonstrate that it is possible to generate unique, repeatable, and device-specific signatures suitable for use as Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) responses in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) DRAM chips by leveraging simultaneous multiple-row activation (SiMRA). Based on a rigorous experimental characterization of 112 modern DDR4 DRAM chips (from 10 modules), we introduce SiMRA-PUF, the first DRAM-based PUF that uses SiMRA-generated signatures as PUF responses. We analyze SiMRA-PUF in terms of reliability, uniqueness, and evaluation latency for varying numbers of simultaneously activated DRAM rows (i.e., 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32), DRAM chip density & die revision, and evaluate how temperature affects the similarity of SiMRA-generated responses. Among our 8 key experimental observations, we highlight two major results. First, SiMRA-PUF provides average intra-Jaccard indices of 89.02%, 89.81%, 93.03%, 94.06%, and 94.86%, and average inter-Jaccard indices of 3.98%, 2.37%, 3.44%, 2.92%, and 3.24% for 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-row activations, respectively, showing that SiMRA-generated signatures are both repeatable within a device and unique across devices. Second, 2-row activation-based SiMRA-PUF provides 5.75% lower evaluation latency than the state-of-the-art DRAM-based PUF. We open-source our infrastructure and datasets at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/SiMRA-PUF.

翻译：我们通过实验证明，在商用现货（COTS）DRAM芯片中，利用同时多行激活（SiMRA）技术能够生成具有唯一性、可重复性和设备特异性的签名，适用于物理不可克隆函数（PUF）响应。基于对112颗现代DDR4 DRAM芯片（来自10个模块）的严格实验表征，我们提出了SiMRA-PUF——首个使用SiMRA生成签名作为PUF响应的基于DRAM的PUF。我们从可靠性、唯一性及评估延迟三个维度分析了SiMRA-PUF在不同同时激活行数（即2、4、8、16和32行）、DRAM芯片密度与芯片版本下的性能，并评估了温度对SiMRA生成响应相似度的影响。在8项关键实验发现中，我们重点强调两个主要结果。第一，对于2、4、8、16和32行激活，SiMRA-PUF的平均内Jaccard指数分别为89.02%、89.81%、93.03%、94.06%和94.86%，平均间Jaccard指数分别为3.98%、2.37%、3.44%、2.92%和3.24%，表明SiMRA生成的签名在设备内具有可重复性，在设备间具有唯一性。第二，基于2行激活的SiMRA-PUF的评估延迟比现有最优的基于DRAM的PUF低5.75%。我们在https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/SiMRA-PUF开源了实验基础设施与数据集。