This paper proposes a privacy-preserving and accountable billing (PA-Bill) protocol for trading in peer-to-peer energy markets, addressing situations where there may be discrepancies between the volume of energy committed and delivered. Such discrepancies can lead to challenges in providing both privacy and accountability while maintaining accurate billing. To overcome these challenges, a universal cost splitting mechanism is proposed that prioritises privacy and accountability. It leverages a homomorphic encryption cryptosystem to provide privacy and employs blockchain technology to establish accountability. A dispute resolution mechanism is also introduced to minimise the occurrence of erroneous bill calculations while ensuring accountability and non-repudiation throughout the billing process. Our evaluation demonstrates that PA-Bill offers an effective billing mechanism that maintains privacy and accountability in peer-to-peer energy markets utilising a semi-decentralised approach.

翻译：本文提出了一种用于点对点能源交易市场的隐私保护与可问责计费（PA-Bill）协议，旨在解决交易过程中承诺电量与实际交付电量可能存在偏差的问题。此类偏差会引发计费准确性、隐私保护与可问责性三者兼顾的挑战。为应对这些挑战，本文设计了一种优先兼顾隐私与可问责性的通用成本分摊机制。该机制利用同态加密密码系统实现隐私保护，并借助区块链技术建立可问责性。此外，文中还引入了一种争议解决机制，在确保计费过程可问责且不可否认的同时，最大限度减少错误账单的计算发生。评估结果表明，PA-Bill采用半去中心化方法，为点对点能源市场提供了一种兼具隐私保护与可问责性的有效计费机制。