Effective laboratory training is essential in engineering education, yet conventional on-site instruction is often constrained by time, accessibility, and safety considerations. To address these challenges, this study presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a web-based virtual reality (WebVR) representation of a large-scale engineering laboratory constructed from massive colorized point cloud data. This study proposes a novel WebVR framework that integrates Unity and Potree for high-fidelity point-cloud visualization combined with advanced interactive capabilities in a browser-based virtual laboratory. It supports immersive first-person exploration, guided navigation, interactive hotspots conveying equipment and safety information, as well as emergency evacuation simulations. The usability, educational effectiveness, and overall acceptance of the virtual laboratory were evaluated through an anonymous questionnaire administered to students and laboratory staff. The results indicate overwhelmingly positive feedback, with all participants rating the system as "good" or "excellent" across all evaluation dimensions. Participants particularly emphasized the benefits of immersive exploration and self-directed learning. In addition, qualitative feedback was systematically analyzed to inform future enhancements of the virtual environment. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the WebVR-based virtual laboratory can effectively complement conventional on-site laboratory instruction, offering a scalable, accessible, and low-risk platform that enhances learning experiences in engineering education.

翻译：有效的实验室培训在工程教育中至关重要，然而传统的现场教学常受限于时间、可访问性和安全因素。为应对这些挑战，本研究提出了一种基于大规模彩色点云数据构建的大型工程实验室网页虚拟现实（WebVR）系统的设计、实现与评估方案。本研究创新性地提出了一个集成Unity与Potree的WebVR框架，可在浏览器虚拟实验室中实现高保真点云可视化与先进交互功能的结合。该系统支持沉浸式第一人称探索、引导式导航、传递设备与安全信息的交互热点以及紧急疏散模拟。通过对学生和实验室工作人员开展匿名问卷调查，评估了该虚拟实验室的可用性、教学效果及总体接受度。结果显示参与者反馈极为积极，所有参与者在各评估维度均将系统评为“良好”或“优秀”。参与者特别强调了沉浸式探索与自主学习带来的益处。此外，本研究对质性反馈进行了系统分析，为虚拟环境的未来改进提供了依据。总体而言，研究结果表明基于WebVR的虚拟实验室能有效补充传统现场实验室教学，为工程教育提供了一个可扩展、易访问、低风险的学习平台，显著提升了学习体验。