Virtual reality (VR) is widely used for procedural medical training, yet most simulators emphasize realism while providing limited formative feedback. We examine how gamification affects performance, workload, and experiential quality in VR training for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. We developed a gamified simulator with semantically aligned visual and auditory feedback (e.g., progress indicators, alignment guidance, rewards) while preserving procedural fidelity. Two studies were conducted with novices (N=24) and clinicians (N=12). Results showed that gamification reduced task time, improved usability, and lowered workload across expertise levels. Qualitative findings indicate improved goal clarity and confidence for novices and better pacing for experts. Overall, gamification can function as an effective formative feedback in VR medical training.

翻译：虚拟现实（VR）广泛应用于程序性医学培训，但多数模拟器侧重于营造真实感，同时所提供的形成性反馈却较为有限。我们研究了游戏化如何影响超声引导外周静脉导管插入VR训练中的表现、工作负荷及体验质量。我们开发了一款具有语义一致性的视觉和听觉反馈（例如进度指示器、对齐引导、奖励机制）的游戏化模拟器，同时保留了程序的真实性。针对新手（N=24）和临床医生（N=12）分别进行了两项研究。结果表明，游戏化在不同专业水平下均能缩短任务时间、提升可用性并降低工作负荷。定性研究结果指出，游戏化增强了新手的目标准确性和自信心，并有助于专家更好地掌握节奏。总体而言，游戏化可作为VR医学培训中有效的形成性反馈手段。