Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are emerging as transformative tools in education, offering new possibilities for engagement and immersion. This paper explores their potential in language learning within public education, focusing on their ability to enhance traditional schooling methods and address existing educational gaps. The integration of VR and AR in schools, however, is not without challenges, including usability, technical barriers, and the alignment of these technologies with existing curricula. Drawing on two empirical studies, this work investigates the opportunities and challenges of VR- and AR-assisted language learning and proposes strategies for their effective implementation in the public sector. The findings show that VR increases motivation and immersion but has an unclear impact on vocabulary retention, with technical limitations and cognitive overload identified as key challenges. AR enhances contextual learning and accessibility but faces usability constraints and limited personalization. To facilitate effective adoption, this paper recommends improving interface design, reducing cognitive load, increasing adaptability, and ensuring adequate infrastructure and teacher training. Overcoming these barriers will enable a more effective integration of immersive technologies in language education.

翻译：虚拟现实（VR）与增强现实（AR）正逐渐成为教育领域的变革性工具，为学习参与度和沉浸感提供了新的可能性。本文探讨了它们在公共教育语言学习中的应用潜力，重点关注其增强传统教学方法及弥补现有教育差距的能力。然而，VR与AR在学校教育中的整合仍面临可用性、技术障碍以及与现有课程体系协调等多重挑战。本研究基于两项实证调查，探究了VR与AR辅助语言学习的机遇与挑战，并提出了在公共教育领域有效实施这些技术的策略。研究结果表明，VR能显著提升学习动机与沉浸感，但对词汇记忆的影响尚不明确，技术限制与认知负荷被确认为主要挑战。AR有助于增强情境化学习与可及性，但面临可用性制约与个性化程度不足的问题。为促进有效应用，本文建议优化界面设计、降低认知负荷、提升技术适应性，并确保充足的基础设施与教师培训。克服这些障碍将推动沉浸式技术在语言教育中实现更有效的整合。