Future wireless networks must deliver deterministic end-to-end delays for workloads such as smart-factory control loops. On Ethernet these guarantees are delivered by the set of tools within IEEE 802.1 time sensitive networking~(TSN) standards. Credit-based shaper (CBS) is one such tool which enforces bounded latency. Directly porting CBS to 5G/6G New Radio (NR) is non-trivial because NR schedules traffic in discrete-time, modulation-dependent resource allocation, whereas CBS assumes a continuous, fixed-rate link. Existing TSN-over-5G translators map Ethernet priorities to 5G quality of service (QoS) identifiers but leave the radio scheduler unchanged, so deterministic delay is lost within the radio access network (RAN). To address this challenge, we propose a novel slot-native approach that adapts CBS to operate natively in discrete NR slots. We first propose a per-slot credit formulation for each user-equipment ({UE}) queue that debits credit by the granted transport block size~(TBS); we call this discrete-time CBS (CBS-DT). Recognizing that debiting the full {TBS} can unduly penalize transmissions that actually use only part of their grant, we then introduce and analyze {CBS} with Partial Usage ({CBS-PU}). {CBS-PU} scales the credit debit in proportion to the actual bytes dequeued from the downlink queue. The resulting CBS-PU algorithm is shown to maintain bounded credit, preserve long-term rate reservations, and guarantees worst-case delay performance no worse than {CBS-DT}. Simulation results show that slot-level credit gating--particularly CBS-PU--enables NR to export TSN class QoS while maximizing resource utilization.

翻译：未来无线网络必须为智能工厂控制回路等工作负载提供确定性的端到端时延。在以太网中，这些保障由IEEE 802.1时间敏感网络（TSN）标准中的一系列工具实现。基于信用的整形器（CBS）正是这样一种能够强制实现有界时延的工具。将CBS直接移植到5G/6G新空口（NR）并非易事，因为NR采用离散时间、依赖调度的资源分配方式进行业务调度，而CBS假设的是连续、固定速率的链路。现有的TSN-over-5G转换器将以太网优先级映射到5G服务质量（QoS）标识符，但保持无线调度器不变，因此确定性时延在无线接入网（RAN）内无法保证。为应对这一挑战，我们提出了一种新颖的时隙原生方法，使CBS能够原生地适应离散的NR时隙运行。我们首先为每个用户设备（UE）队列提出了一种每时隙信用计算模型，该模型根据授予的传输块大小（TBS）扣除信用；我们称之为离散时间CBS（CBS-DT）。认识到扣除全部TBS可能会不当地惩罚那些实际仅使用部分授权资源的传输，我们随后引入并分析了支持部分使用（PU）的CBS（CBS-PU）。CBS-PU根据实际从下行链路队列中出队的字节数按比例缩放信用扣除值。结果表明，所提出的CBS-PU算法能够维持有界信用，保持长期速率预留，并保证其最坏情况时延性能不劣于CBS-DT。仿真结果表明，时隙级信用门控——特别是CBS-PU——使NR能够在最大化资源利用率的同时，提供TSN级别的QoS保障。