Strategic interaction in adversarial domains such as law, diplomacy, and negotiation is mediated by language, yet most game-theoretic models abstract away the mechanisms of persuasion that operate through discourse. We present the Strategic Courtroom Framework, a multi-agent simulation environment in which prosecution and defense teams composed of trait-conditioned Large Language Model (LLM) agents engage in iterative, round-based legal argumentation. Agents are instantiated using nine interpretable traits organized into four archetypes, enabling systematic control over rhetorical style and strategic orientation. We evaluate the framework across 10 synthetic legal cases and 84 three-trait team configurations, totaling over 7{,}000 simulated trials using DeepSeek-R1 and Gemini~2.5~Pro. Our results show that heterogeneous teams with complementary traits consistently outperform homogeneous configurations, that moderate interaction depth yields more stable verdicts, and that certain traits (notably quantitative and charismatic) contribute disproportionately to persuasive success. We further introduce a reinforcement-learning-based Trait Orchestrator that dynamically generates defense traits conditioned on the case and opposing team, discovering strategies that outperform static, human-designed trait combinations. Together, these findings demonstrate how language can be treated as a first-class strategic action space and provide a foundation for building autonomous agents capable of adaptive persuasion in multi-agent environments.

翻译：对抗性领域（如法律、外交与谈判）中的战略互动通过语言中介实现，然而大多数博弈论模型忽略了通过话语运作的说服机制。我们提出"战略法庭框架"（Strategic Courtroom Framework），这是一个多智能体模拟环境，其中由基于特质的大型语言模型（LLM）智能体组成的控辩双方团队，在回合制迭代的法律论证中进行交互。智能体通过九种可解释特质（organized into四大原型）实例化，从而实现对修辞风格与战略导向的系统控制。我们基于10个合成法律案例与84种三特质团队配置评估该框架，总计完成7,000余场模拟审判（采用DeepSeek-R1与Gemini~2.5~Pro模型）。实验结果表明：具有互补特质的异质团队始终优于同质配置；适中的交互深度可产生更稳定的裁决结果；特定特质（尤其是量化型与魅力型）对说服成功贡献显著。我们进一步引入基于强化学习的"特质编排器"（Trait Orchestrator），该模块能够根据案件与对方团队动态生成防御特质，发现超越静态人工设计特质组合的策略。这些发现共同揭示：语言可作为一阶战略行动空间，并为构建能在多智能体环境中实现自适应说服的自主体奠定基础。