We consider the first-order autonomous ordinary differential equation \[ \mathbf{x}' = \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}), \] where $\mathbf{f} : \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ is locally Lipschitz. For a box $B_0 \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ and $h > 0$, we denote by $\mathrm{IVP}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h)$ the set of solutions $\mathbf{x} : [0,h] \to \mathbb{R}^n$ satisfying \[ \mathbf{x}'(t) = \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}(t)), \qquad \mathbf{x}(0) \in B_0 . \] We present a complete validated algorithm for the following \emph{End Cover Problem}: given $(\mathbf{f}, B_0, \varepsilon, h)$, compute a finite set $\mathcal{C}$ of boxes such that \[ \mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) \;\subseteq\; \bigcup_{B \in \mathcal{C}} B \;\subseteq\; \mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) \oplus [-\varepsilon,\varepsilon]^n , \] where \[ \mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) = \left\{ \mathbf{x}(h) : \mathbf{x} \in \mathrm{IVP}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) \right\}. \] Moreover, we provide a complexity analysis of our algorithm and introduce a novel technique for computing the end cover $\mathcal{C}$ based on covering the boundary of $\mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h)$. Finally, we present experimental results demonstrating the practicality of our approach.
翻译:我们考虑一阶自治常微分方程 \[ \mathbf{x}' = \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}), \] 其中 $\mathbf{f} : \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ 是局部 Lipschitz 的。对于区域 $B_0 \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ 和 $h > 0$,我们用 $\mathrm{IVP}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h)$ 表示满足 \[ \mathbf{x}'(t) = \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}(t)), \qquad \mathbf{x}(0) \in B_0 \] 的解 $\mathbf{x} : [0,h] \to \mathbb{R}^n$ 的集合。我们针对以下\emph{终端覆盖问题}提出了一种完备的验证算法:给定 $(\mathbf{f}, B_0, \varepsilon, h)$,计算一个有限的区域集合 $\mathcal{C}$,使得 \[ \mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) \;\subseteq\; \bigcup_{B \in \mathcal{C}} B \;\subseteq\; \mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) \oplus [-\varepsilon,\varepsilon]^n , \] 其中 \[ \mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) = \left\{ \mathbf{x}(h) : \mathbf{x} \in \mathrm{IVP}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h) \right\}. \] 此外,我们提供了算法的复杂度分析,并引入了一种基于覆盖 $\mathrm{End}_{\mathbf{f}}(B_0,h)$ 边界来计算终端覆盖 $\mathcal{C}$ 的新技术。最后,我们展示了实验结果表明该方法的实用性。