We consider $(n,k)$ MDS-coded distributed storage over $\mathbb{F}_q$ with per-node storage $α$ symbols. For the oblivious update problem, where a single message symbol changes and neither helpers nor the stale node know which, the classical lower bound is $αk \log_2 q$ bits. We prove that when the $k$ contacted helpers share prior quantum entanglement, the update bandwidth is $\lceil α/2 \rceil \cdot k \log_2 q$ bits-equivalent, a factor approaching 2 reduction. For $α= 2$, a $[[k, k-2]]_q$ CSS code achieves bandwidth $k \log_2 q$ with one qudit per helper. For general $α$, a $[[\lceil α/2 \rceil k, \lceil α/2 \rceil k - α]]_q$ CSS code achieves the bound with $\lceil α/2 \rceil$ qudits per helper. The matching converse uses the superdense coding bound: the stale node holds all transmitted qudits and hence the entangled partners, so each helper's channel supports at most $D^2$ distinguishable signals for dimension $D$. The result holds for all $(n,k)$ pairs with sufficiently large prime $q$.
翻译:我们考虑在 $\mathbb{F}_q$ 上具有每节点存储 $\alpha$ 个符号的 $(n,k)$ MDS编码分布式存储。针对无感知更新问题(即单个消息符号发生变化,且协助节点和过时节点均不知晓具体变更),经典下界为 $\alpha k \log_2 q$ 比特。我们证明,当 $k$ 个被联系的协助节点共享先验量子纠缠时,更新带宽等价于 $\lceil \alpha/2 \rceil \cdot k \log_2 q$ 比特,可实现近两倍的压缩。对于 $\alpha = 2$,采用 $[[k, k-2]]_q$ CSS 码,每个协助节点使用一个量子比特即可达到带宽 $k \log_2 q$。对于一般 $\alpha$,采用 $[[\lceil \alpha/2 \rceil k, \lceil \alpha/2 \rceil k - \alpha]]_q$ CSS 码,每个协助节点使用 $\lceil \alpha/2 \rceil$ 个量子比特即可达到该下界。其匹配的逆向证明使用了超密编码界:过时节点持有所有传输的量子比特(即纠缠对),因此对于维度 $D$,每个协助节点的信道最多支持 $D^2$ 个可区分信号。该结论对所有满足素数 $q$ 足够大的 $(n,k)$ 配对均成立。