Evidence of a global trend in dose-response dependencies is commonly used in bio-medicine and epidemiology, especially because this represents a causality criterion. However, conventional trend tests indicate a significant trend even when dependence is in the opposite direction for low doses when the high dose alone has a superior effect. Here we present a trend test for a strictly monotonic increasing (or decreasing) trend, evaluate selected sample data for it, and provide corresponding R code using CRAN packages.

翻译：剂量-反应依赖关系中的全局趋势证据在生物医学和流行病学中广泛应用，尤其因其代表因果性标准。然而，传统趋势检验即使在低剂量时反应方向相反、仅高剂量表现出显著效应的情况下，仍会指示存在显著趋势。本文提出一种针对严格单调递增（或递减）趋势的检验方法，评估选定样本数据，并提供基于CRAN包对应的R代码。