This study leverages mobile phone data for 5.4 million users to unveil the complex dynamics of internal migration and daily mobility in Santiago de Chile during the global COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on socioeconomic differentials. Major findings include an increase in daily mobility among lower-income brackets compared to higher ones in 2020. In contrast, long-term relocation patterns rose primarily among higher-income groups. These shifts indicate a nuanced response to the pandemic across socioeconomic strata. Unlike in 2017, economic factors in 2020 influenced a change not only in the decision to emigrate but also in the selection of destinations, suggesting a profound transformation in mobility behaviors. Contrary to expectations, there was no evidence supporting a preference for rural over urban destinations despite the surge in emigration from Santiago during the pandemic. The study enhances our understanding of how varying socioeconomic conditions intersect with mobility decisions during crises and provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enact fair, informed measures in rapidly changing circumstances.

翻译：本研究利用540万用户的手机数据，揭示了全球COVID-19疫情期间智利圣地亚哥内部迁移与日常流动的复杂动态，重点关注社会经济差异。主要发现包括：2020年低收入群体的日常流动性相较于高收入群体有所增加；而长期迁移模式则主要在高收入群体中上升。这些变化表明，不同社会经济阶层对疫情作出了差异化的反应。与2017年不同，2020年的经济因素不仅影响了移民决策，还改变了目的地选择，暗示了流动行为的深刻转型。与预期相反，尽管疫情期间圣地亚哥的移民潮激增，但并未发现证据支持人们更偏好农村而非城市目的地。本研究加深了我们对危机期间不同社会经济状况如何与流动决策相互交织的理解，并为政策制定者在快速变化的环境中实施公平、明智的措施提供了宝贵见解。