Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers face a critical limitation in qubit numbers, hindering their progression towards large-scale and fault-tolerant quantum computing. A significant challenge impeding scaling is crosstalk, characterized by unwanted interactions among neighboring components on quantum chips, including qubits, resonators, and substrate. We motivate a general approach to systematically resolving multifaceted crosstalks in a limited substrate area. We propose Qplacer, a frequency-aware electrostatic-based placement framework tailored for superconducting quantum computers, to alleviate crosstalk by isolating these components in spatial and frequency domains alongside compact substrate design. Qplacer commences with a frequency assigner that ensures frequency domain isolation for qubits and resonators. It then incorporates a padding strategy and resonator partitioning for layout flexibility. Central to our approach is the conceptualization of quantum components as charged particles, enabling strategic spatial isolation through a 'frequency repulsive force' concept. Our results demonstrate that Qplacer carefully crafts the physical component layout in mitigating various crosstalk impacts while maintaining a compact substrate size. On various device topologies and NISQ benchmarks, Qplacer improves fidelity by an average of 36.7x and reduces spatial violations (susceptible to crosstalk) by an average of 12.76x, compared to classical placement engines. Regarding area optimization, compared to manual designs, Qplacer can reduce the required layout area by 2.14x on average

翻译：噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）计算机面临量子比特数量的关键限制，阻碍了其向大规模容错量子计算的发展。阻碍规模扩展的一个重要挑战是串扰，其表现为量子芯片上相邻组件（包括量子比特、谐振器和衬底）之间的非期望相互作用。我们提出了一种通用方法，旨在有限衬底区域内系统性地解决多方面的串扰问题。本文提出Qplacer，一个专为超导量子计算机设计的、基于频率感知和静电学原理的布局框架，通过在空间和频率域隔离这些组件并结合紧凑衬底设计来缓解串扰。Qplacer首先通过一个频率分配器确保量子比特和谐振器在频率域的隔离。随后，它引入了填充策略和谐振器分区以增强布局灵活性。我们方法的核心是将量子组件概念化为带电粒子，通过“频率排斥力”的概念实现策略性的空间隔离。实验结果表明，Qplacer通过精心设计物理组件布局，在保持紧凑衬底尺寸的同时，有效减轻了各类串扰影响。在各种器件拓扑和NISQ基准测试中，与经典布局引擎相比，Qplacer平均将保真度提升了36.7倍，并将空间违规（易受串扰影响）平均减少了12.76倍。在面积优化方面，与人工设计相比，Qplacer平均可将所需布局面积减少至原来的1/2.14。