Metasurfaces -- ultrathin structures composed of subwavelength optical elements -- have revolutionized light manipulation by enabling precise control over electromagnetic waves' amplitude, phase, polarization, and spectral properties. Concurrently, computational imaging leverages algorithms to reconstruct images from optically processed signals, overcoming limitations of traditional imaging systems. This review explores the synergistic integration of metaoptics and computational imaging, "computational metaoptics," which combines the physical wavefront shaping ability of metasurfaces with advanced computational algorithms to enhance imaging performance beyond conventional limits. We discuss how computational metaoptics addresses the inherent limitations of single-layer metasurfaces in achieving multifunctionality without compromising efficiency. By treating metasurfaces as physical preconditioners and co-designing them with reconstruction algorithms through end-to-end (inverse) design, it is possible to jointly optimize the optical hardware and computational software. This holistic approach allows for the automatic discovery of optimal metasurface designs and reconstruction methods that significantly improve imaging capabilities. Advanced applications enabled by computational metaoptics are highlighted, including phase imaging and quantum state measurement, which benefit from the metasurfaces' ability to manipulate complex light fields and the computational algorithms' capacity to reconstruct high-dimensional information. We also examine performance evaluation challenges, emphasizing the need for new metrics that account for the combined optical and computational nature of these systems. Finally, we identify new frontiers in computational metaoptics which point toward a future where computational metaoptics may play a central role in advancing imaging science and technology.

翻译：超构表面——由亚波长光学元件构成的超薄结构——通过实现对电磁波振幅、相位、偏振和光谱特性的精确控制，彻底改变了光操控技术。与此同时，计算成像利用算法从光学处理后的信号中重建图像，克服了传统成像系统的局限性。本综述探讨了超构光学与计算成像的协同融合，即"计算超构光学"，它将超构表面的物理波前调控能力与先进计算算法相结合，从而突破传统极限提升成像性能。我们讨论了计算超构光学如何解决单层超构表面在实现多功能性时难以兼顾效率的固有限制。通过将超构表面视为物理预处理器，并通过端到端（逆向）设计将其与重建算法协同设计，可以实现光学硬件与计算软件的联合优化。这种整体性方法能够自动发现最优的超构表面设计与重建方法，从而显著提升成像能力。本文重点介绍了计算超构光学实现的先进应用，包括相位成像与量子态测量，这些应用既受益于超构表面调控复杂光场的能力，也得益于计算算法重建高维信息的能力。我们还探讨了性能评估面临的挑战，强调需要建立兼顾系统光学与计算特性的新评价指标。最后，我们指出了计算超构光学的新前沿领域，展望了计算超构光学在推动成像科学与技术发展中可能发挥核心作用的未来。