The specification of requirements and tests are crucial activities in automotive development projects. However, due to the increasing complexity of automotive systems, practitioners fail to specify requirements and tests for distributed and evolving systems with complex interactions when following traditional development processes. To address this research gap, we propose a technique that starts with the early identification of validation concerns from a stakeholder perspective, which we use to systematically design tests that drive a scenario-based modeling and automated analysis of system requirements. We discover that Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are suitable to automate the test-case design and hence enable the application of our technique to real-world stakeholder requirements. To ensure complete and consistent requirements and test specifications in a form that is required in automotive development projects, we develop a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology. This methodology supports system architects and test designers in the collaborative application of our technique and in maintaining a central system model, in order to automatically derive the required specifications. We evaluate our methodology by applying it at KOSTAL (Tier1 supplier) and within student projects as part of the masters program Embedded Systems Engineering. Our study corroborates that our methodology is applicable and improves existing requirements and test specification processes by supporting the integrated and stakeholder-focused modeling of product and validation systems, where the early definition of stakeholder and validation concerns fosters a problem-oriented, iterative and test-driven requirements modeling.

翻译：需求和测试的规约是汽车开发项目中的关键活动。然而，由于汽车系统日益复杂，遵循传统开发流程时，从业者难以对具有复杂交互的分布式演进系统进行需求和测试规约。为填补此研究空白，我们提出一种技术：首先从利益相关者视角早期识别验证关注点，并据此系统性地设计测试用例，以驱动基于场景的系统需求建模与自动化分析。我们发现自然语言处理技术适用于自动化测试用例设计，从而能够将该技术应用于实际利益相关者需求。为确保以汽车开发项目所需的形式实现完整一致的需求与测试规约，我们开发了一种基于模型的系统工程方法。该方法支持系统架构师和测试设计师协作应用此技术，并维护中央系统模型，以自动推导所需规约。我们通过在KOSTAL（一级供应商）及嵌入式系统工程硕士项目的学生项目中对其应用进行评估。研究证实该方法具有可行性，并通过支持产品系统与验证系统的集成化、利益相关者导向建模，改进了现有需求与测试规约流程——其中早期定义利益相关者及验证关注点促进了面向问题、迭代且测试驱动的需求建模。