Data science is not a science. It is a research paradigm with an unfathomed scope, scale, complexity, and power for knowledge discovery that is not otherwise possible and can be beyond human reasoning. It is changing our world practically and profoundly already widely deployed in tens of thousands of applications in every discipline in an AI Arms Race that, due to its inscrutability, can lead to unfathomed risks. This paper presents an axiology of data science, its purpose, nature, importance, risks, and value for problem solving, by exploring and evaluating its remarkable, definitive features. As data science is in its infancy, this initial, speculative axiology is intended to aid in understanding and defining data science to recognize its potential benefits, risks, and open research challenges. AI based data science is inherently about uncertainty that may be more realistic than our preference for the certainty of science. Data science will have impacts far beyond knowledge discovery and will take us into new ways of understanding the world.

翻译：数据科学并非一门科学。它是一种研究范式，具有前所未有的广度、规模、复杂性和知识发现能力，这些能力在其他方式下无法实现，甚至可能超越人类推理。它已在人工智能军备竞赛中被广泛应用于各个学科的成千上万个应用场景，深刻改变着我们的世界，但由于其不可解释性，可能导致难以预见的风险。本文通过探索和评估数据科学显著且决定性的特征，呈现了数据科学的价值论——即其目的、本质、重要性、风险以及在问题解决中的价值。鉴于数据科学仍处于发展初期，这一初步且推测性的价值论旨在帮助理解和定义数据科学，以识别其潜在益处、风险和开放性研究挑战。基于人工智能的数据科学本质上关乎不确定性，这可能比我们对科学确定性的偏好更为现实。数据科学的影响将远超越知识发现，引领我们以全新的方式理解世界。