The new variant of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), asynchronous MDI-QKD or called mode-pairing MDI-QKD, offers similar repeater-like rate-loss scaling but has the advantage of simple technology implementation by exploiting an innovative post-measurement pairing technique. We herein present an evaluation of the practical aspects of decoy-state asynchronous MDI-QKD. To determine its effectiveness, we analyze the optimal method of decoy-state calculation and examine the impact of asymmetrical channels and multi-user networks. Our simulations show that, under realistic conditions, aynchronous MDI-QKD can furnish the highest key rate with MDI security as compared to other QKD protocols over distances ranging from 50 km to 480 km. At fiber distances of 50 km and 100 km, the key rates attain 6.02 Mbps and 2.29 Mbps respectively, which are sufficient to facilitate real-time one-time-pad video encryption. Our findings indicate that experimental implementation of asynchronous MDI-QKD in intercity networks can be both practical and efficient.

翻译：测量设备无关量子密钥分发（MDI-QKD）的新变体——异步MDI-QKD，亦称模式配对MDI-QKD，具备类似中继器的速率-距离损耗标度特性，且凭借创新的后测量配对技术，具有技术实现简单的优势。本文评估了诱骗态异步MDI-QKD的实际应用方面。为确定其有效性，我们分析了诱骗态计算的最优方法，并考察了非对称信道和多用户网络的影响。仿真结果表明，在实际条件下，相比于其他QKD协议，在50公里至480公里的传输距离范围内，异步MDI-QKD能够以MDI安全性提供最高的密钥率。在50公里和100公里的光纤距离上，密钥率分别达到6.02 Mbps和2.29 Mbps，足以支持实时的免密钥视频加密。我们的研究结果表明，异步MDI-QKD在城际网络中的实验实现兼具实用性与高效性。