Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been inextricably intertwined since their inception. Today, AI-Robotics systems have become an integral part of our daily lives, from robotic vacuum cleaners to semi-autonomous cars. These systems are built upon three fundamental architectural elements: perception, navigation and planning, and control. However, while the integration of AI-Robotics systems has enhanced the quality our lives, it has also presented a serious problem - these systems are vulnerable to security attacks. The physical components, algorithms, and data that make up AI-Robotics systems can be exploited by malicious actors, potentially leading to dire consequences. Motivated by the need to address the security concerns in AI-Robotics systems, this paper presents a comprehensive survey and taxonomy across three dimensions: attack surfaces, ethical and legal concerns, and Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) security. Our goal is to provide users, developers and other stakeholders with a holistic understanding of these areas to enhance the overall AI-Robotics system security. We begin by surveying potential attack surfaces and provide mitigating defensive strategies. We then delve into ethical issues, such as dependency and psychological impact, as well as the legal concerns regarding accountability for these systems. Besides, emerging trends such as HRI are discussed, considering privacy, integrity, safety, trustworthiness, and explainability concerns. Finally, we present our vision for future research directions in this dynamic and promising field.

翻译：自诞生之初，机器人学与人工智能便紧密交织。如今，AI-机器人系统已深度融入日常生活，从扫地机器人到半自主驾驶汽车，它们均基于感知、导航与规划、控制三大基础架构要素构建。然而，AI-机器人系统在提升生活质量的同时，也带来了严峻的安全隐患——这些系统极易遭受安全攻击。构成AI-机器人系统的物理组件、算法及数据可能被恶意行为者利用，引发严重后果。为应对AI-机器人系统的安全挑战，本文从攻击面、伦理与法律问题、人机交互安全三个维度进行了全面的综述与分类。我们旨在为用户、开发者及其他利益相关者提供这些领域的整体性认知，以增强AI-机器人系统的整体安全性。首先，我们梳理潜在攻击面并给出缓解性防御策略；其次，深入探讨依赖性、心理影响等伦理议题，以及涉及系统问责的法律问题；同时，针对人机交互等新兴趋势，从隐私、完整性、安全性、可信度与可解释性角度展开分析；最后，展望了这一动态前沿领域的未来研究方向。