As computational complexity in electromagnetics increases with frequency, full-wave solvers become computationally infeasible for electrically large problems. To address this limitation, we present a shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) method for efficiently modeling electromagnetic backscattering of metallic objects in the high-frequency regime. The method couples multi-reflection geometrical-optics ray transport with a physical optics surface integral discretized over ray tubes. To reduce the massive ray-surface intersection search space, we use a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) and organize the computation as a trace-integrate pipeline. The ray tracing generates hit data, and the physical optics integral is evaluated over valid intersections only. Numerical accuracy is controlled through an incident-ray sampling rule that mitigates phase aliasing in the discretized physical optics integration. The method is accelerated on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs and parallelized with MPI. We validate against analytical Mie solutions for a perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) sphere and demonstrate applicability to a complex aircraft geometry for monostatic radar cross-section prediction.

翻译：随着电磁计算复杂度随频率增加，全波求解器在处理电大尺寸问题时变得计算上不可行。针对这一局限性，我们提出了一种射击弹跳射线（SBR）方法，用于高效模拟高频状态下金属物体的电磁背向散射。该方法将多反射几何光学射线传输与基于射线管离散化的物理光学表面积分相结合。为缩减海量射线与表面相交的搜索空间，我们采用有界体层次结构（BVH）并将计算组织为“追踪-积分”流水线。光线追踪生成命中数据，物理光学积分仅在有效交点上进行评估。通过入射射线采样规则控制数值精度，该规则可减轻离散化物理光学积分中的相位混叠。该方法在NVIDIA和AMD GPU上实现加速，并借助MPI进行并行化。我们针对完美导电（PEC）球体与解析Mie解进行验证，并展示了该方法在单站雷达散射截面预测中适用于复杂飞机几何结构。