Redundant architectures can improve the reliability of complex systems. However, component dependencies can affect the architecture and negate the benefit of redundancy. In this paper, we develop three component dependency models and analyze the reliability of different M-out-of-N configurations using Monte Carlo simulation. The first model assumes a linear component dependency. The second and third models consider common cause failures, in the latter for all components and in the second for random groups of components. As expected, the results show that interdependency degrades the reliability of parallel 1ooN systems while improving it for serial NooN systems. Interestingly, 2oo3 systems produce intermediate results that show an improvement in reliability for certain indicators and a deterioration for some others, depending on the type of dependency models. The results show nonlinear properties of MooN systems with dependent components, which suggest careful handling in applications. An online simulation platform based on Monte Carlo Simulation enables product designers to use the models efficiently and achieve tailored results

翻译：冗余架构可提升复杂系统的可靠性。然而，组件间的依赖关系可能影响架构性能，甚至抵消冗余带来的优势。本文构建了三种组件依赖模型，并采用蒙特卡洛模拟分析了不同M取N配置的可靠性。第一模型假设线性组件依赖，第二和第三模型考虑共因失效——前者针对全部组件，后者针对随机组件组。结果表明：组件间相互依赖会降低并行1ooN系统的可靠性，但能提升串行NooN系统的可靠性。有趣的是，2oo3系统呈现出中间态特性——其可靠性指标部分改善、部分恶化，具体取决于依赖模型类型。研究揭示了具有依赖组件的MooN系统呈现非线性特征，提示实际应用中需谨慎处理。基于蒙特卡洛模拟的在线仿真平台可帮助产品设计人员高效运用这些模型，获得定制化结果。