Existing computational models of expertise primarily focus on observable behaviour or decision outcomes, failing to capture the internal cognitive structures that generate expert reasoning. In this work, we introduce the Expert Identity Cognition Model (EICM), a three-layer framework for modelling expert cognition beyond behaviour. EICM conceptualises expert cognition as an identity-structured process operating within situational constraints, where constraints are interpreted through internal tensions arising from competing identity commitments and stabilised into value structures that guide action. Unlike behaviour-centric or constraint-driven approaches, EICM positions tension as the central cognitive mechanism connecting world structure and decision formation. We argue that expert cognition is not merely behavioural adaptation under constraints but an identity-structured negotiation process that produces stable judgement patterns across contexts. The framework provides a new perspective for modelling tacit knowledge, expert judgement, and cognitive consistency in domains including professional practice, cultural expertise, and design reasoning.

翻译：现有专家行为计算模型主要关注可观察的行为或决策结果，未能捕捉产生专家推理的内在认知结构。本文提出专家身份认知模型（EICM），这是一个三层框架，用于对超越行为的专家认知进行建模。EICM将专家认知概念化为在情境约束下运作的身份结构化过程，其中约束通过竞争性身份承诺引发的内部张力得到解释，并稳定为指导行动的价值结构。与以行为为中心或约束驱动的方法不同，EICM将张力定位为连接世界结构与决策形成的核心认知机制。我们认为，专家认知并非仅仅是在约束下的行为适应，而是一种身份结构化的协商过程，能够跨情境产生稳定的判断模式。该框架为建模专业实践、文化专长和设计推理等领域的隐性知识、专家判断和认知一致性提供了新视角。