The goal of the present paper is to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess AI literacy. In particular, the questionnaire should be deeply grounded in the existing literature on AI literacy, should be modular (i.e., including different facets that can be used independently of each other) to be flexibly applicable in professional life depending on the goals and use cases, and should meet psychological requirements and thus includes further psychological competencies in addition to the typical facets of AIL. We derived 60 items to represent different facets of AI Literacy according to Ng and colleagues conceptualisation of AI literacy and additional 12 items to represent psychological competencies such as problem solving, learning, and emotion regulation in regard to AI. For this purpose, data were collected online from 300 German-speaking adults. The items were tested for factorial structure in confirmatory factor analyses. The result is a measurement instrument that measures AI literacy with the facets Use & apply AI, Understand AI, Detect AI, and AI Ethics and the ability to Create AI as a separate construct, and AI Self-efficacy in learning and problem solving and AI Self-management. This study contributes to the research on AI literacy by providing a measurement instrument relying on profound competency models. In addition, higher-order psychological competencies are included that are particularly important in the context of pervasive change through AI systems.

翻译：本文旨在开发并验证一套评估人工智能素养的问卷。该问卷需深度扎根于现有AI素养文献，具备模块化特征（即包含可独立使用的不同维度），从而能够根据职业场景中的目标与用例灵活应用；同时满足心理学要求，在典型AI素养维度之外纳入进一步的心理能力。我们根据Ng等人对AI素养的概念化，提取了60个题项以表征AI素养的不同维度，并额外添加12个题项以表征与AI相关的心理能力，如问题解决、学习与情绪调节。为此，我们在线收集了300名德语成人的数据。通过验证性因子分析检验了题项的因子结构。最终形成的测量工具以“使用与应用AI”、“理解AI”、“识别AI”与“AI伦理”为维度测量AI素养，并将“创造AI”作为独立构念，同时涵盖“AI学习与问题解决自我效能感”与“AI自我管理”。本研究基于深厚的能力模型提供测量工具，为AI素养研究做出贡献。此外，研究纳入了高阶心理能力，这些能力在AI系统带来的普遍变革背景下尤为重要。