This paper presents a novel approach for ontological heterogeneity that draws heavily from Carnapian-Goguenism, as presented by Kutz, Mossakowski and Lücke (2010). The approach is provisionally designated da Costian-Tarskianism, named after da Costa's Principle of Tolerance in Mathematics and after Alfred Tarski's work on the concept of a consequence operator. The approach is based on the machinery of consequence systems, as developed by Carnielli et al. (2008) and Citkin and Muravitsky (2022), and it introduces the idea of an extended consequence system, which is a consequence system extended with ontological axioms. The paper also defines the concept of an extended development graph, which is a graph structure that allows ontologies to be related via morphisms of extended consequence systems, and additionally via other operations such as fibring and splitting. Finally, we discuss the implications of this approach for the field of applied ontology and suggest directions for future research.

翻译：本文提出了一种本体异质性新方法，该方法深受Kutz、Mossakowski和Lücke（2010）所阐述的卡尔纳普-戈根主义（Carnapian-Goguenism）影响。该方法暂命名为达科斯塔-塔斯基主义（da Costian-Tarskianism），其名称源于达科斯塔的数学宽容原则以及阿尔弗雷德·塔斯基关于推论算子概念的研究。该方法基于Carnielli等人（2008）以及Citkin和Muravitsky（2022）所发展的推论系统机制，并引入了扩展推论系统的概念——即在推论系统中增加本体论公理。本文还定义了扩展发展图的概念，这是一种图结构，允许本体通过扩展推论系统的态射相互关联，并可通过纤维化、分裂等其他操作进一步连接。最后，我们讨论了该方法在应用本体论领域的影响，并提出了未来研究方向。