User experience in data visualization is typically assessed through post-viewing self-reports, but these overlook the dynamic cognitive processes during interaction. This study explores the use of mind wandering -- a phenomenon where attention spontaneously shifts from a primary task to internal, task-related thoughts or unrelated distractions -- as a dynamic measure during visualization exploration. Participants reported mind wandering while viewing visualizations from a pre-labeled visualization database and then provided quantitative ratings of trust, engagement, and design quality, along with qualitative descriptions and short-term/long-term recall assessments. Results show that mind wandering negatively affects short-term visualization recall and various post-viewing measures, particularly for visualizations with little text annotation. Further, the type of mind wandering impacts engagement and emotional response. Mind wandering also functions as an intermediate process linking visualization design elements to post-viewing measures, influencing how viewers engage with and interpret visual information over time. Overall, this research underscores the importance of incorporating mind wandering as a dynamic measure in visualization design and evaluation, offering novel avenues for enhancing user engagement and comprehension.

翻译：数据可视化中的用户体验通常通过观看后的自我报告进行评估，但这些方法忽视了交互过程中的动态认知过程。本研究探索利用走神现象——即注意力从主要任务自发转向内部任务相关思考或无关干扰的现象——作为可视化探索过程中的动态测量指标。参与者在观看来自预标注可视化数据库的可视化图表时报告走神情况，随后提供对信任度、参与度和设计质量的量化评分，并辅以定性描述及短期/长期记忆评估。结果表明，走神对短期可视化记忆及各项观看后测量指标均产生负面影响，对于文本标注较少的可视化图表尤为明显。此外，走神的类型会影响参与度和情绪反应。走神还作为连接可视化设计元素与观看后测量指标的中间过程，影响着观众随时间推移与视觉信息互动和解读的方式。总体而言，本研究强调了将走神作为动态测量指标纳入可视化设计与评估的重要性，为提升用户参与度和理解度提供了新的研究路径。