As autonomous vehicle (AV) technology advances towards maturity, it becomes imperative to examine the security vulnerabilities within these cyber-physical systems. While conventional cyber-security concerns are often at the forefront of discussions, it is essential to get deeper into the various layers of vulnerability that are often overlooked within mainstream frameworks. Our goal is to spotlight imminent challenges faced by AV operators and explore emerging technologies for comprehensive solutions. This research outlines the diverse security layers, spanning physical, cyber, coding, and communication aspects, in the context of AVs. Furthermore, we provide insights into potential solutions for each potential attack vector, ensuring that autonomous vehicles remain secure and resilient in an evolving threat landscape.

翻译：随着自动驾驶汽车技术日趋成熟，审视这类信息物理系统中的安全漏洞变得至关重要。虽然传统网络安全问题常处于讨论前沿，但深入探究主流框架中常被忽视的多层次脆弱性同样不可或缺。本研究旨在聚焦自动驾驶汽车运营商面临的紧迫挑战，并探索综合性解决方案的新兴技术。我们在自动驾驶汽车背景下系统梳理了涵盖物理层、网络层、编码层与通信层的多重安全层级，并针对各类潜在攻击向量提出了相应的解决方案，以确保自动驾驶汽车在不断演变的威胁环境中保持安全性与鲁棒性。