Movable antennas (MAs), traditionally explored in antenna design, have recently garnered significant attention in wireless communications due to their ability to dynamically adjust the antenna positions to changes in the propagation environment. However, previous research has primarily focused on characterizing the performance limits of various MA-assisted wireless communication systems, with less emphasis on their practical implementation. To address this gap, in this article, we propose several general MA architectures that extend existing designs by varying several key aspects to cater to different application scenarios and tradeoffs between cost and performance. Additionally, we draw from fields such as antenna design and mechanical control to provide an overview of candidate implementation methods for the proposed MA architectures, utilizing either direct mechanical or equivalent electronic control. Simulation results are finally presented to support our discussion.

翻译：传统上在天线设计领域探讨的可移动天线，最近因其能够根据传播环境变化动态调整天线位置而在无线通信领域受到广泛关注。然而，先前的研究主要集中于刻画各类MA辅助无线通信系统的性能极限，对其实际实现的关注相对不足。为弥补这一空白，本文提出了若干通用MA架构，这些架构通过改变若干关键方面来扩展现有设计，以适应不同的应用场景及成本与性能之间的权衡。此外，我们借鉴天线设计和机械控制等领域，概述了所提MA架构的候选实现方法，这些方法可采用直接机械控制或等效电子控制。最后，我们提供了仿真结果以支持本文的讨论。