The increasing uptake of distributed energy resources (DERs) in smart home prosumers calls for distributed energy management strategies, and the advances in information and communications technology enable peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading and transactive energy management. Many works attempted to solve the transactive energy management problem using distributed optimization to preserve the privacy of DERs' operations. But such distributed optimization requires information exchange among prosumers, often via synchronous communications, which can be unrealistic in practice. This paper addresses a transactive energy trading problem for multiple smart home prosumers with rooftop solar, battery storage, and controllable load, such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) units, considering practical communication conditions. We formulate a network-aware energy trading optimization problem, in which a local network operator manages the network constraints supporting bidirectional energy flows. We develop an asynchronous distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to solve the problem under asynchronous communications, allowing communication delay and indicating a higher potential for real-world applications. We validate our design by simulations using real-world data. The results demonstrate the convergence of our developed asynchronous distributed ADMM algorithm and show that energy trading reduces the energy cost for smart home prosumers.

翻译：智能家居产消者中分布式能源资源（DERs）的日益普及催生了分布式能源管理策略的需求，而信息与通信技术的进步则推动了点对点（P2P）能源交易及互动式能源管理的发展。许多研究尝试利用分布式优化方法解决互动式能源管理问题，以保护DERs运行的隐私性。然而，此类分布式优化要求产消者之间通过（通常为同步的）通信进行信息交换，这在实践中可能难以实现。本文针对配备屋顶光伏、电池储能系统以及暖通空调（HVAC）等可控负荷的多个智能家居产消者，在考虑实际通信条件下研究互动式能源交易问题。我们构建了一个面向网络的能源交易优化问题，其中本地网络运营商负责管理支持双向能量流动的网络约束条件。我们开发了一种异步分布式交替方向乘子法（ADMM）算法，用于在异步通信条件下求解该问题，该算法可容忍通信延迟，展现出更高的实际应用潜力。通过基于真实数据的仿真验证了设计方案。结果表明，我们开发的异步分布式ADMM算法具有收敛性，且能源交易能够降低智能家居产消者的能源成本。