Vehicles in public traffic that are equipped with Automated Driving Systems are subject to a number of expectations: Among other aspects, their behavior should be safe, conforming to the rules of the road and provide mobility to their users. This poses challenges for the developers of such systems: Developers are responsible for specifying this behavior, for example, in terms of requirements at system design time. As we will discuss in the article, this specification always involves the need for assumptions and trade-offs. As a result, insufficiencies in such a behavior specification can occur that can potentially lead to unsafe system behavior. In order to support the identification of specification insufficiencies, requirements and respective assumptions need to be made explicit. In this article, we propose the Semantic Norm Behavior Analysis as an ontology-based approach to specify the behavior for an Automated Driving System equipped vehicle. We use ontologies to formally represent specified behavior for a targeted operational environment, and to establish traceability between specified behavior and the addressed stakeholder needs. Furthermore, we illustrate the application of the Semantic Norm Behavior Analysis in a German legal context with two example scenarios and evaluate our results. Our evaluation shows that the explicit documentation of assumptions in the behavior specification supports both the identification of specification insufficiencies and their treatment. Therefore, this article provides requirements, terminology and an according methodology to facilitate ontology-based behavior specifications in automated driving.

翻译：配备自动驾驶系统的公共交通工具需满足多项预期：除其他方面外，其行为应确保安全、符合道路规则并为用户提供出行便利。这对系统开发者提出了挑战：开发者需在系统设计阶段通过需求规范等方式界定此类行为。正如本文所讨论的，这种规范制定过程始终涉及假设条件与权衡取舍。因此，行为规范可能存在缺陷，进而可能引发系统的不安全行为。为支持识别规范缺陷，必须明确需求与相应假设。本文提出语义规范行为分析作为基于本体的方法，用以规范配备自动驾驶系统车辆的行为。我们运用本体对目标运行环境中的既定行为进行形式化表征，并在既定行为与相关利益方需求之间建立可追溯关联。此外，我们通过两个德国法律背景下的示例场景演示语义规范行为分析的应用，并对结果进行评估。评估表明，行为规范中假设条件的显式记录既有助于识别规范缺陷，也能支持缺陷处理。因此，本文提供了基于本体的自动驾驶行为规范所需的需求框架、术语体系及相应方法论。