This paper proposes the utilization of a periodic Parareal with a periodic coarse problem to efficiently perform adjoint sensitivity analysis for the steady state of time-periodic nonlinear circuits. In order to implement this method, a modified formulation for adjoint sensitivity analysis based on the transient approach is derived.

翻译：本文提出利用周期性Parareal算法结合周期性粗粒度问题，高效执行时周期非线性电路稳态的伴随灵敏度分析。为实现该方法，推导了基于瞬态方法的改进型伴随灵敏度分析公式。