Collage techniques are commonly used in visualization to organize a collection of geometric shapes, facilitating the representation of visual features holistically, as seen in word clouds or circular packing diagrams. Typically, packing methods rely on object-space optimization techniques, which often necessitate customizing the optimization process to suit the complexity of geometric primitives and the specific application requirements. In this paper, we introduce a versatile image-space collage technique designed to pack geometric elements into a given shape. Leveraging a differential renderer and image-space losses, our optimization process is highly efficient and can easily accommodate various loss functions. We demonstrate the diverse visual expressiveness of our approach across various visualization applications. The evaluation confirmed the benefits of our method in terms of both visual quality and time performance. The project page is https://szuviz.github.io/pixel-space-collage-technique/.

翻译：拼贴技术常用于可视化领域，用于组织几何形状集合，从而促进视觉特征的整体表示，例如词云或圆形填充图。通常，填充方法依赖于对象空间优化技术，这通常需要根据几何图元的复杂性和特定应用需求定制优化过程。在本文中，我们介绍了一种通用的图像空间拼贴技术，旨在将几何元素填充到给定形状中。利用微分渲染器和图像空间损失函数，我们的优化过程非常高效，并且可以轻松适应各种损失函数。我们在各种可视化应用中展示了我们方法多样的视觉表现力。评估证实了我们方法在视觉质量和时间性能方面的优势。项目页面为 https://szuviz.github.io/pixel-space-collage-technique/。