In this paper, we consider the problem of fair division of indivisible goods when the allocation of goods impacts society. Specifically, we introduce a second valuation function for each agent, determining the social impact of allocating a good to the agent. Such impact is considered desirable for the society -- the higher, the better. Our goal is to understand how to allocate goods fairly from the agents' perspective while maintaining society as happy as possible. To this end, we measure the impact on society using the utilitarian social welfare and provide both possibility and impossibility results. Our findings reveal that achieving good approximations, better than linear in the number of agents, is not possible while ensuring fairness to the agents. These impossibility results can be attributed to the fact that agents are completely unconscious of their social impact. Consequently, we explore scenarios where agents are socially aware, by introducing related fairness notions, and demonstrate that an appropriate definition of fairness aligns with the goal of maximizing the social objective.

翻译：本文研究了不可分割物品的公平分配问题，其中物品的分配会对社会产生影响。具体而言，我们为每个智能体引入了第二个估值函数，用以确定将物品分配给该智能体所产生的社会影响。这种影响对社会而言是可取的——越高越好。我们的目标是理解如何在从智能体角度公平分配物品的同时，尽可能保持社会的满意度。为此，我们使用功利主义社会福利来衡量对社会的影响，并给出了可能性与不可能性结果。我们的研究结果表明，在确保对智能体公平的同时，无法实现优于智能体数量线性关系的良好近似。这些不可能性结果可归因于智能体完全未意识到其社会影响。因此，我们通过引入相关的公平性概念，探索了智能体具有社会意识的情形，并证明了适当的公平性定义与最大化社会目标的目标是一致的。