Modern vehicles increasingly rely on advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), with radars playing a key role due to their cost-effectiveness and reliable performance. However, the growing number of radars operating in the same spectrum raises concerns about mutual interference, which could lead to system malfunctions and potential safety risks. This study focuses on a scenario in which all vehicles are equipped with frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars, and it assesses the impact of interference on radar functionality - expressed in terms of probability of failure - by considering both direct and reflected signals. The radars may employ one of the following proactive mitigation methods to reduce the impact of interference, all of which require no inter-vehicle coordination but differ in complexity: (i) random carrier-frequency hopping on a frame-by-frame basis, (ii) random carrier-frequency hopping on a chirp-by-chirp basis, and (iii) a directional, compass-based method specifically addressing interference from opposite directions, which can be combined with either of the two previous methods. In this work, we assume realistic simulated road traffic scenarios and develop a novel model that captures correlated interference and accounts for the main radar setting parameters. Results reveal that dense scenarios pose a high risk of radar malfunctions. Among the analyzed methods, chirp-by-chirp frequency hopping emerges as the most effective approach to mitigate interference and ensure system reliability, but only when combined with a sufficiently large bandwidth. The compass-based method, on the other hand, shows limited effectiveness and appears not worth the additional system complexity.

翻译：现代车辆日益依赖先进驾驶辅助系统（ADAS），其中雷达因其成本效益与可靠性能发挥着关键作用。然而，在同一频段内工作的雷达数量不断增加，引发了相互干扰的担忧，这可能导致系统故障及潜在安全风险。本研究聚焦于所有车辆均配备调频连续波（FMCW）雷达的场景，通过综合考虑直接信号与反射信号，评估了干扰对雷达功能的影响——以故障概率表示。雷达可采用以下任一种主动缓解方法来降低干扰影响，这些方法均无需车辆间协调，但复杂度各异：（i）基于帧的随机载波频率跳变，（ii）基于啁啾的随机载波频率跳变，以及（iii）专门针对相反方向干扰的定向罗盘方法，该方法可与前两种方法中的任一种结合使用。本文基于现实模拟道路交通场景，建立了一个新颖的模型，该模型能够捕捉相关干扰并涵盖主要雷达设置参数。结果表明，密集场景下雷达存在较高的故障风险。在分析的方法中，啁啾级频率跳变被证明是缓解干扰、确保系统可靠性的最有效方法，但仅在与足够大带宽结合时方能实现。而罗盘方法的有效性有限，其带来的额外系统复杂度似乎并不值得。