Deceptive and coercive design practices are increasingly used by companies to extract profit, harvest data, and limit consumer choice. Dark patterns represent the most common contemporary amalgamation of these problematic practices, connecting designers, technologists, scholars, regulators, and legal professionals in transdisciplinary dialogue. However, a lack of universally accepted definitions across the academic, legislative and regulatory space has likely limited the impact that scholarship on dark patterns might have in supporting sanctions and evolved design practices. In this paper, we seek to support the development of a shared language of dark patterns, harmonizing ten existing regulatory and academic taxonomies of dark patterns and proposing a three-level ontology with standardized definitions for 65 synthesized dark patterns types across low-, meso-, and high-level patterns. We illustrate how this ontology can support translational research and regulatory action, including pathways to extend our initial types through new empirical work and map across application domains.

翻译：企业和机构日益采用欺骗性与强制性的设计手段以谋取利润、采集数据并限制消费者的选择权。黑暗模式作为当代最典型的不良设计实践集合，将设计师、技术专家、学者、监管机构及法律专业人士联结于跨学科对话之中。然而，学术界与立法监管领域普遍缺乏统一定义，这制约了黑暗模式学术研究在支持法律制裁和推动设计实践革新方面的实际影响力。本文旨在构建黑暗模式的共享语言体系，通过整合现有十种监管与学术分类框架，提出涵盖低层、中层与高层模式的三级本体结构，并为65种综合黑暗模式类型制定标准化定义。我们阐释了该本体如何支持转化研究与监管行动，包括通过实证研究拓展基础类型、跨应用领域映射的可行路径。