Electric vehicle (EV) has emerged as a transformative force for the sustainable and environmentally friendly future. To alleviate range anxiety caused by battery and charging facility, dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) is increasingly recognized as a key enabler for widespread EV adoption, yet it faces significant technical challenges, primarily in precise coil alignment. This article begins by reviewing current alignment methodologies and evaluates their advantages and limitations. We observe that achieving the necessary alignment precision is challenging with these existing methods. To address this, we present an innovative RFID-based DWPT coil alignment system, utilizing coherent phase detection and a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm, capable of achieving sub-10 cm accuracy. This system's efficacy in providing both lateral and vertical misalignment estimates has been verified through laboratory and experimental tests. We also discuss potential challenges in broader system implementation and propose corresponding solutions. This research offers a viable and promising solution for enhancing DWPT efficiency.

翻译：电动汽车（EV）已成为推动可持续及环境友好未来的变革性力量。为缓解电池及充电设施引发的里程焦虑，动态无线电力传输（DWPT）被日益视为推动电动汽车广泛普及的关键技术，然而该技术仍面临显著的技术挑战，主要在于精确的线圈对准。本文首先回顾了当前的对准方法，并评估了其优势与局限性。我们发现，现有方法难以实现必要的对准精度。为解决此问题，我们提出了一种创新的基于RFID的DWPT线圈对准系统，该系统利用相干相位检测与最大似然估计算法，能够实现优于10厘米的定位精度。通过实验室及实验测试，验证了该系统在提供横向与纵向偏移量估计方面的有效性。我们还探讨了系统大规模实现时的潜在挑战，并提出了相应解决方案。本研究为提高DWPT效率提供了一种可行且有前景的方案。