Cadaveric studies have provided important insights into the mechanics of the human foot arch and plantar fascia. However, repeatedly probing posture-dependent viscoelastic responses immediately after landing impact is difficult in biological specimens, leaving the contribution of skeletal architecture to landing dynamics incompletely understood. In this study, we developed an anthropomimetic foot joint structure aimed at replicating the skeletal geometry of the human foot. Using a vertical drop apparatus that simulates landing and a viscoelastic system-identification model, we investigated how skeletal structure and posture modulate the apparent post-impact viscoelastic response. The results show that the multi-jointed anthropomimetic structure exhibited a higher damping ratio than simplified flat and rigid feet. Moreover, ankle dorsiflexion and toe extension systematically shifted the identified parameters, reducing the damping ratio under the tested conditions. Taken together, these findings indicate that an arch-like, multi-jointed skeletal architecture can enhance impact attenuation in an anthropomimetic mechanical foot, and that morphology and passive posture alone can tune the trade-off between attenuation and rebound. The observed posture-dependent trends are qualitatively consistent with reported differences in human landing strategies, suggesting that skeletal architecture may partly account for the modulation. Furthermore, these results highlight the engineering advantage of anatomically informed skeletal replication for achieving human-like apparent viscoelastic behavior through postural adjustment during landing.

翻译：尸体研究为人类足弓与足底筋膜的力学特性提供了重要见解。然而，在生物样本中反复探测着陆冲击后即刻发生的姿态依赖性粘弹性响应十分困难，导致骨骼结构对着陆动力学的贡献尚未被完全理解。本研究开发了一种旨在复现人类足部骨骼几何形态的拟人足关节结构。通过模拟着陆的垂直跌落装置与粘弹性系统辨识模型，我们研究了骨骼结构与姿态如何调节表观冲击后粘弹性响应。结果表明，多关节拟人结构表现出比简化平板足与刚性足更高的阻尼比。此外，踝背屈与趾伸展系统地改变了辨识参数，在测试条件下降低了阻尼比。综上，这些发现表明：拱形多关节骨骼结构能够增强拟人机械足的冲击衰减能力，且仅凭形态学与被动姿态即可调节衰减与回弹之间的权衡关系。观测到的姿态依赖性趋势在定性上与已报道的人类着陆策略差异相一致，提示骨骼结构可能是产生这种调节的部分原因。此外，这些结果凸显了基于解剖学知识的骨骼复现工程优势——通过着陆过程中的姿态调整，可实现类人的表观粘弹性行为。