Neutral atom arrays have become a promising platform for quantum computing, especially the \textit{field programmable qubit array} (FPQA) endowed with the unique capability of atom movement. This feature allows dynamic alterations in qubit connectivity during runtime, which can reduce the cost of executing long-range gates and improve parallelism. However, this added flexibility introduces new challenges in circuit compilation. Inspired by the placement and routing strategies for FPGAs, we propose to map all data qubits to fixed atoms while utilizing movable atoms to route for 2-qubit gates between data qubits. Coined \textit{flying ancillas}, these mobile atoms function as ancilla qubits, dynamically generated and recycled during execution. We present Q-Pilot, a scalable compiler for FPQA employing flying ancillas to maximize circuit parallelism. For two important quantum applications, quantum simulation and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), we devise domain-specific routing strategies. In comparison to alternative technologies such as superconducting devices or fixed atom arrays, Q-Pilot effectively harnesses the flexibility of FPQA, achieving reductions of 1.4$\times$, 27.7$\times$, and 6.3$\times$ in circuit depth for 100-qubit random, quantum simulation, and QAOA circuits, respectively.

翻译：中性原子阵列已成为量子计算领域极具前景的平台，特别是具备原子移动独特能力的现场可编程量子比特阵列（FPQA）。该特性可在运行时动态改变量子比特连接关系，从而降低长程门操作成本并提升并行性。然而，这种新增灵活性为电路编译带来了新挑战。受FPGA布局布线策略启发，我们提出将所有数据量子比特映射至固定原子，同时利用可移动原子在数据量子比特间路由双量子比特门。这些被称为"飞行辅助量子比特"的移动原子作为辅助量子比特，在运行过程中动态生成与回收。我们提出Q-Pilot——一种采用飞行辅助量子比特最大化电路并行性的FPQA可扩展编译器。针对量子模拟与量子近似优化算法（QAOA）两类重要量子应用，我们设计了领域专用路由策略。与超导器件或固定原子阵列等替代技术相比，Q-Pilot有效利用FPQA的灵活性，在100量子比特的随机电路、量子模拟电路及QAOA电路中，分别实现电路深度1.4倍、27.7倍和6.3倍的缩减。