We build and experiment with a realistic but reduced natural gas model of Israel. The system is unusual because (a) it is controlled from a limited number of points which are at, or close to, the gas extraction sites offshore of Israel's Mediterranean coast; (b) control specifies average flux at inlet, not pressure; (c) there are no inland compressors to regulate pressure; (d) power system is the main consumer of gas (70\% of Israel's power is generated at gas-fired power plants distributed across the country). Nature of the system suggests that a special attention should be given to understanding dynamics driven by fast transients in gas consumption meeting intra-day variations in the electricity demand, and accounting for increasing role of uncertain renewable generation (mainly solar). Based on all of the above we pose and resolve a sequence of dynamic and control challenges, such as: How to time ramping up- and down- injection of gas to guarantee a healthy intra-day line-pack which meets both pressure constraints and gas-extraction patterns? We report simulation results and utilize monotonicity properties of the natural gas flows which render robustness of our conclusions to the uncertainties of the edge withdrawals of gas.

翻译：我们基于以色列实际天然气系统构建并实验了一个简化但保留实际特征的模型。该系统具有以下特殊性：(a) 仅能从地中海沿岸有限的天然气开采点（或邻近区域）进行控制；(b) 控制参数为入口处的平均流量而非压力；(c) 缺乏内陆压缩机进行压力调节；(d) 电力系统是天然气的主要消费者（以色列70%的电力由分布于全国的燃气发电厂供应）。系统特性要求重点关注以下动态机制：天然气消费的快速瞬态响应与电力需求的日内波动耦合效应，以及可再生能源（主要为太阳能）不确定性占比持续上升的影响。基于上述分析，我们提出并解决了一系列动态控制难题，例如：如何精准调控天然气的注入时间与速率，以确保日内管道储气在满足压力约束与采气模式的同时保持健康运行状态？本文通过仿真实验，利用天然气流动的单调性特征，验证了所提结论对用户端用气不确定性具有鲁棒性。