Recent advances in mobile augmented reality (AR) techniques have shed new light on personal visualization for their advantages of fitting visualization within personal routines, situating visualization in a real-world context, and arousing users' interests. However, enabling non-experts to create data visualization in mobile AR environments is challenging given the lack of tools that allow in-situ design while supporting the binding of data to AR content. Most existing AR authoring tools require working on personal computers or manually creating each virtual object and modifying its visual attributes. We systematically study this issue by identifying the specificity of AR glyph-based visualization authoring tool and distill four design considerations. Following these design considerations, we design and implement MARVisT, a mobile authoring tool that leverages information from reality to assist non-experts in addressing relationships between data and virtual glyphs, real objects and virtual glyphs, and real objects and data. With MARVisT, users without visualization expertise can bind data to real-world objects to create expressive AR glyph-based visualizations rapidly and effortlessly, reshaping the representation of the real world with data. We use several examples to demonstrate the expressiveness of MARVisT. A user study with non-experts is also conducted to evaluate the authoring experience of MARVisT.

翻译：近年来，移动增强现实技术的进步为个人可视化带来了新的可能，其优势在于能将可视化融入日常习惯、在真实世界情境中呈现可视化内容，并激发用户兴趣。然而，由于缺乏支持现场设计并实现数据与增强现实内容绑定的工具，让非专业人士在移动增强现实环境中创建数据可视化仍具挑战。现有增强现实创作工具大多需要在个人电脑上操作，或需手动创建每个虚拟对象并逐一修改其视觉属性。我们通过识别增强现实字形可视化创作工具的特殊性，系统研究了这一问题，并提炼出四项设计考量。基于这些考量，我们设计并实现了MARVisT——一款利用现实世界信息辅助非专业人士处理数据与虚拟字形、真实对象与虚拟字形、以及真实对象与数据之间关系的移动创作工具。借助MARVisT，缺乏可视化专业知识的用户可将数据与真实世界对象绑定，快速而轻松地创建富有表现力的增强现实字形可视化，用数据重塑真实世界的表征。我们通过多个示例展示了MARVisT的表现力，并开展了面向非专业人士的用户研究，评估其创作体验。