Designers use third-party intellectual property (IP) cores and outsource various steps in the integrated circuit (IC) design and manufacturing flow. As a result, security vulnerabilities have been rising. This is forcing IC designers and end users to re-evaluate their trust in ICs. If attackers get hold of an unprotected IC, they can reverse engineer the IC and pirate the IP. Similarly, if attackers get hold of a design, they can insert malicious circuits or take advantage of "backdoors" in a design. Unintended design bugs can also result in security weaknesses. This tutorial paper provides an introduction to the domain of hardware security through two pedagogical examples of hardware security problems. The first is a walk-through of the scan chain-based side channel attack. The second is a walk-through of logic locking of digital designs. The tutorial material is accompanied by open access digital resources that are linked in this article.

翻译：设计人员使用第三方知识产权（IP）核，并外包集成电路（IC）设计与制造流程中的多个环节。由此导致安全漏洞日益增多，迫使IC设计者和最终用户重新评估对IC的信任度。若攻击者获取未受保护的IC，可对其进行逆向工程并盗用IP。同样，若攻击者获取设计资料，可插入恶意电路或利用设计中的"后门"。此外，非预期的设计缺陷也可能引发安全弱点。本教程论文通过两个硬件安全问题的教学实例介绍硬件安全领域。第一个实例详细阐述了基于扫描链的侧信道攻击，第二个实例则解析了数字设计的逻辑锁定方法。教程配套的开源数字资源已在本文章中提供链接。