Online harassment and content moderation have been well-documented in online communities. However, new contexts and systems always bring new ways of harassment and need new moderation mechanisms. This study focuses on hate raids, a form of group attack in real-time in live streaming communities. Through a qualitative analysis of hate raids discussion in the Twitch subreddit (r/Twitch), we found that (1) hate raids as a human-bot coordinated group attack leverages the live stream system to attack marginalized streamers and other potential groups with(out) breaking the rules, (2) marginalized streamers suffer compound harms with insufficient support from the platform, (3) moderation strategies are overwhelmingly technical, but streamers still struggle to balance moderation and participation considering their marginalization status and needs. We use affordances as a lens to explain how hate raids happens in live streaming systems and propose moderation-by-design as a lens when developing new features or systems to mitigate the potential abuse of such designs.

翻译：网络骚扰与内容审核现象已在在线社区中得到充分记载。然而，新语境与新型系统总会催生新的骚扰方式，需要建立相应的审核机制。本研究聚焦于直播社区中实时群体攻击形式——仇恨突袭。通过对Twitch子版块（r/Twitch）中仇恨突袭讨论的定性分析，我们发现：（1）仇恨突袭作为一种人机协同的群体攻击，利用直播系统机制（不）违反规则地攻击边缘化主播及其他潜在群体；（2）边缘化主播在平台支持不足的情况下遭受复合性伤害；（3）当前审核策略以技术手段为主导，但主播仍需基于自身边缘化状态与需求，在审核与参与之间艰难寻求平衡。我们以可供性为视角解释仇恨突袭在直播系统中的发生机制，并提出"设计即审核"这一视角，用于指导开发新功能或系统时降低此类设计被滥用的可能性。