Research on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) began in the 1970s and has increased in volume and diversified significantly since then. Today BCI is widely used for applications like assistive devices for physically challenged users, mental state monitoring, input devices for hands-free applications, marketing, education, security, games and entertainment. This article explores the advantages and disadvantages of invasive and non-invasive BCI technologies and focuses on use cases of several non-invasive technologies, namely electroencephalogram (EEG), functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs) and hybrid systems.

翻译：脑机接口（BCI）的研究始于20世纪70年代，此后其研究规模显著扩大且方向日趋多元化。如今，BCI已广泛应用于诸多领域，包括为行动障碍用户提供辅助设备、心理状态监测、免手动输入的设备、市场营销、教育、安全防护、游戏及娱乐等。本文探讨了侵入式与非侵入式BCI技术的优劣，并重点分析了若干非侵入式技术的应用案例，具体包括脑电图（EEG）、功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）、近红外光谱（NIRs）及混合系统。