To well understand crowd behavior, microscopic models have been developed in recent decades, in which an individual's behavioral/psychological status can be modeled and simulated. A well-known model is the social-force model innovated by physical scientists (Helbing and Molnar, 1995; Helbing, Farkas and Vicsek, 2000; Helbing et al., 2002). This model has been widely accepted and mainly used in simulation of crowd evacuation in the past decade. A problem, however, is that the testing results of the model were not explained in consistency with the psychological findings, resulting in misunderstanding of the model by psychologists. This paper will bridge the gap between psychological studies and physical explanation about this model. We reinterpret this physics-based model from a psychological perspective, clarifying that the model is consistent with psychological theories on stress, including time-related stress and interpersonal stress. Based on the conception of stress, we renew the model at both micro-and-macro level, referring to multi-agent simulation in a microscopic sense and fluid-based analysis in a macroscopic sense. The cognition and behavior of individual agents are critically modeled as response to environmental stimuli. Existing simulation results such as faster-is-slower effect will be reinterpreted by Yerkes-Dodson law, and herding and grouping effect as well as oscillation phenomenon are further discussed for pedestrian crowd. In brief the social-force model exhibits a bridge between the physics laws and psychological principles regarding crowd motion, and this paper will renew and reinterpret the model on the foundation of psychological studies.

翻译：为了深入理解人群行为，近几十年来发展出了微观模型，这些模型能够模拟个体的行为/心理状态。一个著名的模型是由物理科学家开创的社会力模型（Helbing and Molnar, 1995; Helbing, Farkas and Vicsek, 2000; Helbing et al., 2002）。该模型在过去十年中被广泛接受，并主要用于人群疏散模拟。然而，问题在于该模型的测试结果并未与心理学发现保持一致的解释，导致心理学家对该模型产生误解。本文旨在弥合心理学研究与物理学解释之间的差距。我们从心理学视角重新诠释这一基于物理学的模型，阐明该模型与关于压力的心理学理论（包括时间相关压力和人际压力）是一致的。基于压力概念，我们在微观和宏观两个层面更新了该模型，分别涉及微观意义上的多智能体模拟和宏观意义上的基于流体的分析。个体智能体的认知和行为被关键地建模为对环境刺激的反应。现有的模拟结果，例如“越快越慢”效应，将通过Yerkes-Dodson定律重新解释，并且进一步讨论了人群中的从众与聚集效应以及振荡现象。简而言之，社会力模型展示了关于人群运动的物理定律与心理学原理之间的桥梁，而本文将在心理学研究的基础上更新并重新诠释这一模型。