Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown unparalleled achievements in numerous applications, reflecting their proficiency in managing vast data sets. Yet, their static structure limits their adaptability in ever-changing environments. This research presents a new algorithm that allows the convolutional layer of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to dynamically evolve based on data input, while still being seamlessly integrated into existing DNNs. Instead of a rigid architecture, our approach iteratively introduces kernels to the convolutional layer, gauging its real-time response to varying data. This process is refined by evaluating the layer's capacity to discern image features, guiding its growth. Remarkably, our unsupervised method has outstripped its supervised counterparts across diverse datasets like MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100. It also showcases enhanced adaptability in transfer learning scenarios. By introducing a data-driven model scalability strategy, we are filling a void in deep learning, leading to more flexible and efficient DNNs suited for dynamic settings. Code:(https://github.com/YunjieZhu/Extensible-Convolutional-Layer-git-version).

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