Efficient allocation and use of limited resources are fundamental to advancing collective welfare and achieving long-term societal sustainability. This challenge involves not only how policymakers distribute scarce resources among individuals, but also how individuals strategically utilize them. The complexity deepens when individuals are embedded in networks of social interactions, where outcomes are interdependent and future decisions are shaped by a dynamic tension between cooperation driven by collective long-term benefit and self-interest motivated by short-term personal gain. Here, we introduce a novel framework of generalized public goods games on hypergraphs to capture the multifaceted nature of real-world social interactions. Using Nash equilibrium analysis, we reveal how full cooperation (all individuals contribute all their resources to maximize collective benefit) emerges from the interplay between resource allocation strategies, individual usage behaviors, and the structure of interactions. We find that equal resource distribution enhances cooperation in homogeneous networks but may suppress it in heterogeneous ones, indicating that equity in allocation does not universally lead to optimal collective outcomes. To address this, we propose two complementary optimization strategies: one to guide policymakers in designing effective resource allocation schemes, and the other to support individuals in making sustainable use decisions. We validate the effectiveness of both approaches across a range of synthetic and empirical cases. Our findings provide actionable insights for designing governance frameworks and resource management policies that promote sustainable cooperation in complex socio-environmental systems.

翻译：有限资源的高效分配与利用是提升集体福祉、实现社会长期可持续发展的基础。这一挑战不仅涉及政策制定者如何在个体间分配稀缺资源，还涉及个体如何战略性地利用这些资源。当个体嵌入社会互动的网络结构中时，问题复杂性进一步加深：此时结果相互依赖，而未来的决策则受到集体长期利益驱动的合作与短期个人利益驱动的利己行为之间动态张力的影响。本文引入超图上的广义公共物品博弈新框架，以捕捉现实世界社会互动的多维度特性。通过纳什均衡分析，我们揭示了完全合作（所有个体贡献全部资源以最大化集体利益）如何从资源分配策略、个体使用行为以及互动结构的相互作用中涌现。我们发现，均匀的资源分配在均质网络中能促进合作，但在异质网络中可能抑制合作，这表明分配公平性并不总能导向最优集体结果。为此，我们提出两种互补的优化策略：一种用于指导政策制定者设计有效的资源分配方案，另一种用于支持个体做出可持续的使用决策。我们通过一系列合成案例与实证案例验证了两种方法的有效性。本研究结果为设计治理框架与资源管理政策以促进复杂社会-环境系统中的可持续合作提供了可操作的见解。