Urban vibrancy is the dynamic activity of humans in urban locations. It can vary with urban features and the opportunities for human interactions, but it might also differ according to the underlying social conditions of city inhabitants across and within social surroundings. Such heterogeneity in how different demographic groups may experience cities has the potential to cause gender segregation because of differences in the preferences of inhabitants, their accessibility and opportunities, and large-scale mobility behaviours. However, traditional studies have failed to capture fully a high-frequency understanding of how urban vibrancy is linked to urban features, how this might differ for different genders, and how this might affect segregation in cities. Our results show that (1) there are differences between males and females in terms of urban vibrancy, (2) the differences relate to `Points of Interest` as well as transportation networks, and (3) that there are both positive and negative `spatial spillovers` existing across each city. To do this, we use a quantitative approach using Call Detail Record data--taking advantage of the near-ubiquitous use of mobile phones--to gain high-frequency observations of spatial behaviours across the seven most prominent cities of Italy. We use a spatial model comparison approach of the direct and `spillover` effects from urban features on male-female differences. Our results increase our understanding of inequality in cities and how we can make future cities fairer.

翻译：城市活力是指人类在城市空间中的动态活动。它可能随城市特征及人际交往机会而变化，也可能因城市居民所处不同社会情境（跨社会情景及社会情景内部）的基础社会条件差异而有所不同。不同人口群体体验城市的这种异质性可能因居民偏好、可达性、机会以及大规模移动行为的差异而引发性别隔离。然而，传统研究未能充分捕捉高频视角下城市活力与城市特征的关联机制、这种关联的性别差异特征，以及其对城市隔离的潜在影响。本研究结果表明：（1）城市活力存在显著的性别差异；（2）这种差异既与“兴趣点”相关，也与交通网络相关；（3）各城市内部存在正向和负向的“空间溢出效应”。我们采用基于通话详单数据的量化方法——利用手机近乎普及的优势——对意大利七大城市空间行为进行高频观测。通过空间模型比较，我们分析了城市特征对男女差异的直接效应与“溢出效应”。研究成果深化了对城市不平等现象的理解，并为构建更具公平性的未来城市提供了启示。