Automated vehicles (AVs) must communicate their yielding intentions to pedestrians at crossings. External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs, on-vehicle displays) are promising solutions, but were primarily tested with walking pedestrians. Runners are a significant pedestrian group who move faster and face distinct bodily and perceptual demands, raising questions about how pedestrian activity influences eHMI use. We conducted an outdoor study using an augmented reality simulator. Participants navigated a virtual crossing while walking and running; an approaching AV displayed one of three eHMIs: red/green colour-changing lights, animated cyan lights, or no-eHMI. No-eHMI consistently underperformed. Walkers mostly stopped and validated eHMI signals with vehicle behaviour; they processed both eHMI animations and colour changes effectively. Runners experienced greater time pressure to cross, increasing reliance on the eHMI over vehicle behaviour. They preferred colour changes over animation for rapid decisions. These findings are crucial for promoting eHMI inclusivity and physical wellbeing as AVs join our roads.

翻译：自动驾驶车辆（AVs）必须在行人通过路口时向其传达让行意图。外部人机界面（eHMIs，即车载显示屏）是前景广阔的解决方案，但主要在与步行的行人交互中进行过测试。跑步者是重要的行人群体，其移动速度更快，且面临独特的身体与感知需求，这引发了关于行人活动如何影响eHMI使用的疑问。我们利用增强现实模拟器开展了一项户外研究。参与者在步行和跑步状态下通过一个虚拟路口；一辆接近的自动驾驶车辆展示了三种eHMI界面之一：红/绿变色灯光、动态青色灯光或无eHMI。无eHMI界面的表现始终不佳。步行者大多会停下，并通过车辆行为验证eHMI信号；他们能有效处理eHMI的动态效果和颜色变化。跑步者面临更大的过路时间压力，因此更依赖eHMI而非车辆行为。他们更倾向于通过颜色变化而非动态效果进行快速决策。这些发现对于促进eHMI的包容性及保障行人身体健康至关重要，因为自动驾驶车辆正逐渐融入我们的道路系统。