We present a comprehensive characterization study of open-source message-oriented middleware (MOM) systems. We followed a rigorous methodology to select and study ten popular and diverse MOM systems. For each system, we examine 42 features with a total of 134 different options. We found that MOM systems have evolved to provide a framework for modern cloud applications through high flexibility and configurability and by offering core building blocks for complex applications including transaction support, active messaging, resource management, flow control, and native support for multi-tenancy. We also identify that there is an opportunity for the community to consolidate its efforts on fewer open-source projects. We have also created an annotated data set that makes it easy to verify our findings, which can also be used to help practitioners and developers understand and compare the features of different systems. For a wider impact, we make our data set publicly available.

翻译：我们对开源面向消息的中间件（MOM）系统进行了全面的特征研究。我们遵循严谨的方法论，选取并研究了十个流行且多样化的MOM系统。针对每个系统，我们考察了包含134个不同选项的42项特性。研究发现，MOM系统已通过高度灵活性和可配置性，以及提供包括事务支持、主动消息传递、资源管理、流量控制和对多租户的原生支持在内的核心构建模块，演变为现代云应用程序的框架。我们还指出，社区有机会将努力集中在更少的开源项目上。我们创建了一个带注释的数据集，便于验证我们的发现，该数据集也可用于帮助从业者和开发者理解并比较不同系统的特性。为扩大影响，我们将数据集公开提供。